Indian and Pakistani strategic experts, parliamentarians, and former diplomats have participated in at least four back-channel meetings since the conflict between the two sides in May 2025.
The meetings, which were Track 1.5 and 2, were facilitated by various think tanks and institutes, including the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) and a UK-based think tank.
The most recent engagement was a Track 2 meeting held in Doha in February, facilitated by the UK-based think tank.
Formal contacts between India and Pakistan are virtually non-existent, especially after the intense four-day conflict during May 7-10, 2025.
The conflict was sparked by India's Operation Sindoor in retaliation for the Pahalgam terror attack carried out by The Resistance Front (TRF), a proxy for Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT).
